The Separation Of Powers Doctrine - 1516 Words

Introduction Law is a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. (Robertson, Crimes against humanity, 90).Laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations, or by judges through binding precedent, normally in common jurisdictions. The doctrine of separation of powers The doctrine of the separation of powers is an important principle in Constitutional law. The separation of the legislature is the power to make laws; the executive is the power to administer the laws; and the judiciary is the power to interpret and enforce laws that is constructed through the Commonwealth of Australia. (https://www.murdoch.edu.au/School-of-Law/_document/WA-jurist-documents/WAJ_Vol3_2012_Greenfeld---The-Asymmetry-of-the-Separation-of-Powers.pdf)downloaded on 22/03/2016) Constitution Act (‘the Constitution’).1 The separation of powers doctrine states that each arm of the government should be separate from each other and not exercise the powers or functions of the others.2 Though the Australian government does not strictly comply in the separation of powers because theShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Separation Of Power1610 Words   |  7 PagesPlan In this essay I will be explaining how the doctrine of the separation of powers has been compromised to a less extent in the nation like Australia. The first section will constitute in exploring the history and the significance of the separation of the power doctrine. In the second section I will discuss about the compromise of the doctrine, especially between the administrator and the legislature with some good cases held in high court. Besides, some clarification will be provided to explainRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Separation Of Power966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe doctrine of separation of power is a vital element of modern, democratic systems of government. At the same time, it will show the basic points of working process in Australian legal system. Callie Harvey declared that only under the condition that separation of power can be maintained between parts of government, the democratic civilisation can be justly ruled. In fact, the legal system in Australia is divided into three branches, which are based on the doctrine of separation of power, withRead MoreDoctrine of Separation of Powers3203 Words   |  13 Pages1st Internal Assignment Administrative Law The Doctrine of Separation of Power Clive D’souza 13010124119 Division B III Year Introduction: The Government of any country will be the agency or machinery through which the will of the people is realised, expressed and formulated. But for the will of the people to be so expressed, realised and formulated, there needs to be a well organized system which works together, jointly as well as separately for ultimate achievement of the goalRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Separation Of Powers2028 Words   |  9 PagesExplain and critically analyse the doctrine of separation of powers as it applies to the UK constitution. In this essay I will be discussing the doctrine of separation of powers within UK law and to what degree they are functioning within todays government. I intend to analyse the importance and problems which are inherent within the application of the doctrine to the constitution- such as distinguishing between the branches of the doctrine, the issues presented by a constitutional lack of codificationRead MoreThe Separation of Powers Doctrine Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe Separation of Powers Doctrine The Separation of Powers Doctrine can be traced as far back as ancient Greece and essentially the meaning attributed to it is the dividing functions of government between groups with different interests, so that no power in the centre can act without the cooperation of others. However there are many interpretations of the doctrine, one being that of Aristotle, who favoured the division of power according to class interests of theRead MoreThe Importance Of The Doctrine Of The Separation Of Powers Essay1836 Words   |  8 Pagesexamine and explain the importance of the doctrine of the separation of powers in the UK, and to also discuss the arguments concerning the necessity and the purpose of it. The separation of powers is a constitutional principle which limits the powers vested in any person or institution. This means that the power is divided amongst three essential institutions; the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. Each of these bodies should exercise their powers separately and any member of a branch shouldRead MoreDoctrine of the Separation of Powers Essay examples999 Words   |  4 PagesDoctrine of the Separation of Powers Although of great antiquity the modern basis for the doctrine of the separation of powers can be traced back to the writings of commentators such as John Locke, who in one of his books written in 1690 observed that the three organs of government must not get in one hand. The doctrine was further examined by the French jurist Montesquieu who based his exposition on the British constitution of the early 18th Century. In simple termsRead MoreMontesquieu s Doctrine Of The Separation Of Powers Essay2088 Words   |  9 Pages a) Explain Montesquieu’s doctrine of the Separation of Powers. b) Identify and discuss the structure and functions of the individual branches of government under the parliamentary system in Trinidad and Tobago that, when combined, is referred to as a fusion of power. c) Explain the structure and functions of the Judicial arm of government under the parliamentary system in Trinidad and Tobago and discuss why it is critical to maintain its independence from the other branches of government. Read MoreThe Importance of the Doctrine of Separation Powers to Botswanas Public Administration2215 Words   |  9 PagesIMPORTANCE OF THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS TO BOTSWANA’S PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES INTRODUCTION All around the world there is need to achieve and maintain peace in the governing of the state. So in order to reinforce this there is the practice of the doctrine of separation of powers in different nations. So this essay is set out to explain in detail the history of the doctrine from where it all started and how it came to be practiced in Botswana. Of course the separation of powers ensures theRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Extent the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers Underpin the Basic Law.1488 Words   |  6 PagesCritically evaluate the extent the doctrine of the separation of powers underpin the Basic Law. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION According to Wesley Smith, â€Å"The doctrine of separation of powers is a general technique for limiting the ability of government officials to wield excessive powers to the detriment of citizens’ rights. The three types of power (the legislative, executive and judicial) should be distributed

Why Women Should Be Drafted and Serve in the U.S. Military...

Tom Pinedo L. Brandenburg English 101, Section #15654 April 22, 2013 Why Women Should be Drafted and Serve in the U.S. Military during Time of War Throughout time women have gone to war along-side their male counterparts without any question as to what role they couldn’t play but rather what contributions they brought with them. History shows that women have played a vital role in military combat and have been very successful filling any role that their male equivalent has played during combat. Military women have led armies into battle, marched as soldiers on to the front line, have lie in wait for the perfect ambush as snipers, acted as spies to obtain vital information for their cause, and placed themselves in harm’s way to protect†¦show more content†¦Donnelly argues that the decision to allow women to serve in combat was being enacted merely to â€Å"achieve a political end in the name of diversity†. Lastly, Heather MacDonald, a writer for the National Review, states that women and men are just too biologically different. She argues The number of women who are the equal to reasonably well-dev eloped men in upper-body strength and who have the same stamina and endurance is vanishingly small.† Furthermore, she states †putting both genders in close quarters will result in a proliferation of sex, favoritism and an increase of sexual assault cases.† Although there are many good arguments which stir up doubt on whether women should be allowed to fight along men in combat, historical fact shows us that women can do a good job, if not a better job, than men in a combat role. A lot of women are not fit for combat just as a lot of men are also not fit for combat, but if a woman can pass all the rigors of boot camp, fulfill the military training in becoming a solider, and has the mental composition to endure the stress of combat, then she deserves the right to serve alongside her fellow solider during time of war. Pentagon figures show that as of Jan. 3, 110 women had been killed in the war in Iraq compared with about 4,300 men. In the Afghanistan campaign, 24 women have been killed compared with more than 1,400 men. ThisShow MoreRelatedU.s. Military Draft History1449 Words   |  6 PagesStates during the Civil War. The Union then conducted their own draft on March 3, 1863. The Northern 1862 draft was an attempt to let states handle their own conscriptions, instead of the old volunteer militia. The next draft took place on September 16, 1940 for World War I and remained in effect continuously until 1973. The president, Woodrow Wilson, decided that â€Å"A draft was needed and nearly 3,000,000 soldiers were drafted following the Service Act of 1917.† (Understanding the U.S. Military DraftRead MoreThe Advantages of Conscription1719 Words   |  7 Pagesa controversial topic of debate in the United States, whether or not our young men and women should be required to serve in the armed forces. There is proof that compulsory military service would be in our nations best interest. It has historically shown to improve military preparedness, and also has evenly balanced the burden of military service. It also helps to instill a sense of duty into those who serve. From an economic standpoint, there are numerous arguments to be made in support of conscriptionRead More conscription Essay1031 Words   |  5 P agesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As the war on terrorism continues more troops in Iraq and Afghanistan are dying every month. The government is struggling to organize the number of soldiers maintaining the opposition in both Afghanistan and Iraq which brings up a popular topic-conscription (mandatory military enlistment). Senator Charles Rangel of New York was the one that introduced the call for the military draft upon the Senate. The draft was revoked and still hasn’t been in affect since the Vietnam War over thirty yearsRead MoreU.s. Department Of Defense1015 Words   |  5 Pages According to the U.S. Department of Defense, the United States military is estimated to contain around 1.4 million active duty personnel. Even in times of peace, having a strong force ready to protect the U.S and its citizens makes living in the U.S better than it already is because we don’t have to worry about being bombed or invaded. But, when the United States takes on a larger operation, the military may need more help. Backup might be needed, so the military may need to call up more forcesRead MoreProblem Identification : Issues With Integration1694 Words   |  7 Pagesprohibited women from being assigned to jobs and specialties directly related to combat below the brigade level, in clandestine and special operations forces, and in roles that were intensely physically demanding. This now transcends to the availability of previously closed specialties, including Marine Corps infantry, to women who can meet a gender neutral standard of performance. 230,000 jobs that wer e previously exclusively for men in the U.S. military, have now been cleared for women to screenRead MoreThe Positives And Negatives Of War923 Words   |  4 PagesStates has been at war with many different rivals. With all of these wars that our country has gone through, there have been many positives and negatives that came with them in the end. The positives range from gaining justice to protecting our country. The negatives range from the number of enemies we’ve made to the number of soldiers and people we’ve lost. Sometimes the positives have outweighed the negatives and sometimes vice-versa. War in any form comes with a price. Should we really keep gamblingRead MoreImportance of Understanding Civil-Military Relations1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Understanding Civil-Military Relations â€Å"Some folks are born made to wave the flag, Ooh, they’re red, white and blue†¦ And when the band plays hail to the chief, Ooh, they point the cannon at you, lord†¦ It aint me, it aint me, I aint no senators son, son†¦ It aint me, it aint me; I aint no fortunate one, no†¦ Some folks inherit star spangled eyes, Ooh, they send you down to war, lord†¦ And when you ask them, how much should we give? Ooh, they only answer more! More! More! Yoh†¦ Read MoreLiterature And Law : The Military Draft1102 Words   |  5 PagesAnthony Appiah Mr. Skardal Literature and Law The military draft would require compulsory military service instead of voluntary service. It started in 1940 when volunteering personnel were not enough for the USA army. Thus, men were compulsorily drafted to join the army. Now, the USA no longer compulsorily drafts men to join the army. However, countries such as Switzerland do still draft its men. Conscription in US, also known as the draft, starts after Congress passed a legislation, which hasRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Korean War934 Words   |  4 Pagesof approximately 7 million soldiers, sailors, and airmen from America fought in the Korean War, thousands of them lost their lives. But why, you may ask? Well, up until World War II, Korea has been one nation that had belonged to Japan and was known as the Korean Peninsula. After World War II, the winners of the war divided it into two countries. The northern half was ruled by the Soviet Union, while the U.S. took control of the southern half. The line that divided the cou ntry in half was called theRead MorePresident Roosevelt and The Selective Training and Service Act2983 Words   |  12 PagesIt was 1941 and the game of baseball was at an all-time high in the eyes of the American public. During the 1941 major league baseball season the fans of game knew they witnessed two things that would go on to be very special. First Joe DiMaggio reached a feat that very well may never happen again, hitting safely in 56 consecutive games. Then Ted Williams went on to finish the season with a batting average of .406, marking the last time a player has finished the season with a batting average over

Supporting individuals to meet their personal care needs free essay sample

ASSIGNMENT: HSC 2015 Support Individuals to meet personal care needs YOUR NAME †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ YOUR PLACE OF WORK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DATE STARTED †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. DATE COMPLETED †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Declaration of Authenticity: I declare that this is my own work and that I have not presented the work of any other person as my own. Signed: Date: FINAL ASSESSMENT AS ASSESSOR: Signature: Dates Assignment signed off: Unit 2015 2. 3 –Explain you to report concerns about the safety and hygiene of equipment or facilities used for personal care. The regulations which relate to cleanliness, hygiene and infection control require service providers to: have appropriate procedures for the control of infection and of clinical waste Ensure premises are kept in a good state of repair externally and internally and are fit for the provision of care provide facilities and equipment to address the needs of the service users and keep a record of maintenance of such items ensure staff receive training appropriate to the work they are to perform and provide suitable assistance to staff keep records of incidents detrimental to the health or welfare of the service user. This would include notifying the Care Commission of outbreaks of any infectious diseases which are deemed sufficiently serious by a doctor attending people in the care home. For Assessor 2. 4 Describe ways to ensure the individual can summon help when alone during personal care. There is wide range of personal alarms and other emergency response equipment available to those who live on their own, and they can take many forms . Some might depend on someone being nearby for example in another room or next door Telecare alarms, known as community alarm services, are very useful for people who live alone. They work through a base unit in your home, which is connected to your phone line. You can press a button on the unit or on a pendant that you wear around your neck. This connects you to an operator who can arrange the help you need. Some telecare alarms have movement sensors that can detect if someone has fallen and cannot get up, or leaves a certain area. Those alarms will be activated automatically, so the person does not need to do anything to summon help. Another device worth considering is the mobile phone, these can be programmed with emergency contact numbers, at least one of which could be entered on speed dial, so that all the person at risk has to do is press a certain number, ie, 1, on the keypad. For Assessor LEARNER EXTRA EVIDENCE SHEET [Unit Title: Support Individuals to meet personal care needs] This sheet can be used for Oral Questioning and Professional Discussion Assignment HSC 2015 Support Individuals to meet personal care needs LEARNER FEEDBACK (to be done by Assessor) Assessor Name: __________________ Signature: ___________Date: ___________ EXTRA EVIDENCE REQUIRED? YES NO Assessor Name: _________________Signature: _____________ Date: __________ EXTRA EVIDENCE REQUIRED? YES NO PLEASE SIGN to confirm you have read your feedback sheet. Learner Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Learner Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. LEARNER’S FEEDBACK (Learner needs to provide feedback about the assignment namely; what have they learnt from this unit/assignment, what could have been done better)

Topshop Pricing Strategy and Marketing Plan

Introduction Topshop is a private limited entity which operates within the UK retail and fashion industry. The firm was established in 1964 and its headquarters are situated at London, UK. In its operation the firm deals with provision of a variety of apparels such as footwear, makeup, shoes and accessories (Yahoo Finance 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Topshop Pricing Strategy and Marketing Plan – Report Example specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To attain an optimal market position, Topshop has incorporated a unique strategy which entails product differentiation. The firm has achieved this by integrating the concept of exclusivity and uniqueness. Topshop achieves this by engaging in innovative and creative designing. As a result, Topshop is able to develop fashion products which are sufficiently differentiated. Its differentiation effectiveness has enabled Topshop to attain an optimal market positi on in the fashion industry despite the intense competition from firms such as ZARA and HM. Additionally, commitment to innovation and creativity has enabled Topshop to align itself with changes in the fashion industry (Yahoo Finance 2012). In an effort to understand the external and internal environment with regard to Topshop, this paper details a comprehensive market audit of the firm. The audit is undertaken by incorporating macro and micro environment analysis models such as the PESTLE analysis, the Porters’ five forces and the SWOT analysis. An internal analysis of the firm is also conducted by evaluating the marketing mix strategies adopted by the firm. Marketing mix The success of a firm in marketing its products and services is dependent on the effectiveness with which it has incorporated its marketing strategies (Kotter Schlesinger 2008).The marketing strategies have to take into account a number of variables such as the product, promotion, price and distribution. Pr oduct strategy Topshop has incorporated product diversification as its product strategy. The firm deals in product lines which are composed of a wide range of apparels and accessories in accordance with the customers’ needs. In its operation, Topshop is focused at ensuring that its products are of high quality, style and convenience. Some of the firm’s main product lines include mainline, boutique, and unique (Topshop 2012). One of the main challenges in the apparels industry emanates from its dynamic nature. The rate of change in the industry is very high. To cope with this issue, Topshop is focused at attaining a high level of creativity and innovation. This has significantly contributed towards the firm’s capability in introducing new products to the market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To ensure that the value of its products is not diluted by ov er-introduction of new products, Topship ensures that only a few pieces of a particular product line are introduced. For example, the firm may only introduce only 300 pieces of a new product which are stocked in specific flagship stores. This strategy is unique in that it contributes towards positioning its products being exclusive, prestigious and scarce (Topshop 2012). Pricing strategy In their purchasing process, consumers are very conscious of product prices. Firms use pricing strategy to communicate the value of their product. In its marketing process, Topshop has adopted premium pricing strategy. The strategy is aimed at communicating the high quality of the firm’s apparels and accessories. Over the years, customers have associated Topshop’s products with value. This has played an important role in the firm’s effort to incorporate premium pricing. Topshop’s premium pricing strategy has succeeded as a result of the unique nature and high quality of i ts products. Promotion strategy Creating sufficient market awareness is one of Topshop’s goal marketing objectives. To achieve this, Topshop has adopted Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategy. The strategy is constituted of various marketing communication techniques such as advertising, sales promotion and public relations. In its advertising strategy, Topshop uses both emerging and traditional marketing communication mediums such as print media. For example, when introducing new products to the market, the firm advertises through mediums such as the local dailies in the UK. Additionally, Topshop also engages in outdoor advertising for example by decorating its vans with its products and unique messages aimed at creating market awareness. Below is an example of some of the firms that the firm utilizes. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Topshop Pricing Strategy and Marketing Plan – Report Example specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: (Topshop 2012).  Web. To create a strong brand relationship, Topshop contracts renowned celebrities to endorse its products. When opening its stores in New York, Topshop contracted Kate Moss, a renowned British model, Jennifer Lopez and Jay Z [renowned music artists] to attend the grand opening (Topshop 2012). Their attendance presented an opportunity for the firm to create market awareness. This is due to the fact that the media would sufficiently publicize the event hence creating brand awareness. Topshop’s management team appreciates the role of information communication technologies in creating market awareness. Consequently, the firm has designed an official website through which it posts its products. Additionally, Topshop also promotes its products through emerging social communication networks such as Facebook. By using social networking sites, Topshop has successfully created a sufficient online community. Distribut ion strategy Upon developing products and services, it is paramount for firms to ensure that customers easily access them. Firms achieve this achieve this by incorporating both direct and indirect distribution methods. Topshop has established a number of outlets in the UK to enhance product accessibility. The outlets are effectively positioned to improve customer accessibility. Topshop has also adopted online marketing. Customers can be able to purchase Topshop’s products online. Online distribution has been effective in ensuring that Topshop markets its products to a wide number of potential customers. Market Environment Analysis Macro-environment analysis Firms do not operate in a vacuum but are affected by changes occurring in the macro-environment. Some of the macro-environment factors affecting firm’s operation include political, economic, technological, social, and legal factors PESTLE analysis of the UK Apparels and accessories industry Political environment Ove r the past decades, the UK government has ensured a high level of political stability. This has played a critical role in promoting investment within the country. Most investors are increasingly considering investing in the UK.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The country’s political stability has enabled the UK to be a member of different trading blocs such as the European Union, the G-20 and the Organizational for Economic Co-operation Development. By being a member of such trading blocs, the UK government has been able to provide investors with an opportunity to market their products to a large number of customers. For example, firms such as Topshop can be able to export their products into the member states more cost effectively. This is well illustrated by the fact that the UK has entered into free-trade agreements with other countries such as Norway, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The economic integration between the UK and other countries presents an opportunity for Topshop to access raw materials member countries cost effectively. Economic environment The 2007/2008 global economic recession adversely affected most world economies as a result of the high rate of globalization that is currently being experienced (Gilligan and Hird 2008). The UK was not shielded from the effects of the recession. Consequently, most economic sectors such as the apparels and accessories were adversely affected. The UK has not fully recovered from the 2008 economic recession. The recession made most consumers to adjust their consumption behavior as a result of decline in their purchasing power. Decline in consumers’ purchasing power emanated from increment in the in the level of unemployment. Approximately 580,000 jobs were lost between 2008 and 2010 in the UK (Bell and Blanchflower 2010). The recession has made consumers to increasingly focus on consumption of necessities rather than luxuries. During this period, a significant proportion of UK consumers considered fashion products such as apparels and other accessories as luxuries than necessities. Currently, the firm’s operations will also be affected by the prevailing euro zone sovereign debt crisis. As a result of the crisis, the UK has experienced an incr ement in the rate of unemployment to 11.2% in 2012 (Cha 2012). It is estimated that the non-food retail sector in the UK will experience the lowest growth as a result of the recession. During 2012, the sector will decline with a margin of 0.5% (Verdict 2012). The recession and the sovereign debt crisis have made consumers unable to purchase highly prices products such as fashion products (Verdict 2012). Therefore, there is a high probability of Topshop experiencing a decline in its sale revenue due to reduction in the consumer’s purchasing power. The economic recession has led to an increment in the degree of uncertainty amongst consumers. This is depicted by the rapid rate at which the consumers’ have reduced the rate of consumption (This Money 2012). Social environment Firms operations are affected by the prevailing social trends. Currently consumers have increasingly become conscious of fashion. This presents an opportunity for Topshop to exploit by designing high q uality, unique and valuable fashion products. To align itself with the prevailing social trends with regard to fashion, Topshop undertakes extensive innovation and designing. Technological environment Topshop can benefit from the numerous innovations with regard to social networking technology. For example, the firm can exploit the social tools such as Facebook, Twitter, Tout and You Tube to interact with its customers. Through these social networking sites, the firm will be able to derive a sufficient volume of market information. Such information can be an important source of market intelligence for the firm. Legal environment Firstly, the government has eliminated all taxes on firms that venture in such zones. Additionally, the government issues a 5-year tax holiday to firms that invest in such zones. Incorporation of tax holidays has played a critical role in improving the attractiveness of the zones to investors. By investing in such economic zones, Topshop can be able to attai n high profitability (Delloite 2011). Competitive analysis: Porter’s five forces Threat of entry The UK high end retail market is characterized by a high threat of entry emanating from entry of large retail chains such as supermarkets. Supermarkets are increasingly diversifying their product range by including diverse apparels and accessories. This presents a major challenge for the firm (Key Note 2001). The high rate of technological innovation especially the internet has made it possible for new entrants to venture the UK high end retail market. New entrants are using the internet to venture in the UK market by undertaking online marketing. To survive in an industry characterized by such a threat, it has become vital for Topshop to incorporate online marketing. Threat of substitute The large number of competitors in the UK fashion industry presents consumers with an opportunity to select from a wide range of products. During periods f economic recession consumers can easily access fashion products from supermarkets and other retail outlets. Supplier bargaining power The suppliers bargaining power is relatively low. Topshop mainly deals with its own branded apparels and accessories. Consequently, the firm is not mainly dependent on suppliers for its finished products. However, the firm outsources raw materials from different sources. For example, the firm accesses its supplies from different countries by importing. As a result of its global reputation, Topshop is able to negotiate for significant discounts. Buyer bargaining power The large number of industry players coupled with the fact that supermarkets are stocking diverse apparels has significantly increased the consumer’s bargaining power (Gilligan and Hird 2008). This arises from the fact that consumers can switch to other apparels and accessories product at a relatively low switching cost. The high consumer bargaining power means that Topshop has to develop customer trust in order to sust ain its sales growth. Additional, the firm has t ensure that it stocks high quality products. This will aid in developing the eve f customer loyalty. The figure below illustrates a summary the industry’s characteristic. Degree of rivalry– The lucrative nature of the industry coupled with the large number of industry players has significantly increased the degree of rivalry in the UK fashion industry. Micro-environment analysis: SWOT analysis of Topshop The chart below illustrates Topshop’s, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths Brand image– The firm has managed to nurture its brand image. Creativity and innovation- Top shop is cognizant of the fact that its customers are fashion sensitive. International brand-The firms’ products have been endorsed by celebrities. Customer experience– The high quality of the firm’s products coupled with the in-store atmosphere developed enables the firm to deliver unique custo mer experience. Weaknesses High cost of operation –The firm has a large human resource base and store space which increases cost of operation. Management challenges- The large size of the store and the numerous product lines presents a major challenge for the firm. Opportunities New market segments – Topshop can increase its sales revenue by targeting new customer categories such as the youth. Collaborating with celebrities– The firm can improve its brand image by collaborating with renowned celebrities. International expansion– Topshop can increase the volume of its sales revenue through international expansion. Brand expansion– Expanding its product line y focusing on men clothing will increase the firm’s sales revenue. Threats Competition- The firm faces a major challenge emanating from increased international competition especially from the top designers and fashion icons such as Next Limited, Wearhouse, River Island, Unite Benton, ZAR A and H M. Economic recession- Occurrence of a recession may affect the firm’s profitability due to decline in volume of sales. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that Topshop has been very effective in its operation. Its success has arisen from adherence to quality, innovation, creativity and maintenance of product value. As a result, the firm has been able to attain a high level of customer satisfaction. Topshop has been successful in marketing its apparels and accessories products through formulation and implementation of effective marketing strategies. As a result, the firm has been effective in positioning itself in the market. Despite this, the firm faces numerous challenges emanating from the external environment. To effectively position itself in the market, it is paramount for the firm to continuously conduct a comprehensive market audit. The audit will aid in formulation of effective marketing strategies thus enhancing its competitiveness. Referenc e List Bell, D. Blanchflower, D. 2010, UK unemployment in the great recession.  Web. Cha, A. 2012, European financial crisis has ripple effect on US businesses. Web. Delloitte: Taxation and investment in United Kingdom 2011. Web. Grundy, T. 2006, ‘Rethinking and re-inventing Michael Porter’s five forces model’, Strategic Change, vol. 15, pp. 213-229. Gilligan, C. Hird, M. 2008, International marketing: strategy and management, Taylor and Francis, New York. Key Note: UK clothing footwear 2001 market review,  2001. Web. Kotter, J. Schlesinger, L. 2008, ‘Choosing strategies for change’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 2, pp. 130-150. This Money: Moody’s could downgrade UK’s ‘AAA’ credit rating in early 2013 if the economy fails to shape up. Web. Topshop: Marketing: the Topshop way,  2012. Web. Verdict: UK retail 2012 beyond 2012.  Web. Yahoo Finance: Topshop company profile 2012. Web. This report on Topshop Pricing Strategy and Marketing Plan was written and submitted by user Marcel Heath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.